Data 4 Climate Action Edinburgh Report

Data 4 Climate Action Edinburgh, a group of data scientists led by Pauline Ward, compile an annual report collating relevant climate data for the city. ECCAN support this project, including providing our own impact data and helping to share the report, to inform and inspire people to take more climate action.

2024 Report

ABCD Report 2025

ABCD Report 2025

Author

D4CAE - Data 4 Climate Action Edinburgh

Analysis By the Collective: D4CAE (Data for Climate Action Edinburgh)

The D4CAE logo depicting people using laptops, a tree, a bee and weather symbols

Published: DRAFT 2 April 2025

Introduction

Scope

The aim of this report is to present key data on climate action happening, and climate impacts on, the city of Edinburgh in Scotland. We hope that by raising awareness of local effects of climate change, we can contribute to the impetus to support climate action. And that we can highlight ongoing climate action, that gives us hope.

As the output of a small voluntary local group, D4CAE, the scope of this report is modest, addressing a handful of aspects of climate action and climate impacts. This year’s report, being the very first year, in some ways focuses mainly on finding and documenting data sources, and establishing tools for data extraction, and establishing baselines for some data.

Open access

This report is an open science project - the data, code and text are all being produced in a publicly available repository on GitHub:

https://github.com/data4climateactionedinburgh/abcd_2025

Any amendments will be visible in this same GitHub repo, as commits, in the normal Git version control way. This report file, the text, and all the files in the repository are made available under a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 licence, except of course those subject to ownership by the respective data providers. The files created by D4CAE are thus placed in the public domain, and may be copied, adapted and redistributed without condition. If you wish to cite this work, please cite Data 4 Climate Action Edinburgh as the author.

About the group

D4CAE was set up by Pauline Ward, who is also the main contributor to this report. You can find our blog and contact details on our website:

https://data-4-climate-action-edinburgh.github.io/home/

Over the course of the past couple of years, we’ve explored a range of different projects, some may not have resulted in any visible output, such is the nature of citizen science. However, the group has built good relationships with stakeholders in Edinburgh’s climate action scene and has completed several projects successfully for example: - supported ECCAN to process member data, and to select software for this purpose; - provided data visualisations of survey data to EBRIC (Edinburgh Building Retrofit and Improvement Collective), which they used in a published report.

As for 2025 work, Pauline is currently producing a simplified carbon footprint at the request of one of ECCAN’s member charities (Fountainbridge Canalside Community Trust).

In a nutshell

Our city is a full degree warmer on the thermometer than just a few decades ago. Such a change inevitably affects our ecosystems profoundly. And the line is only just starting to plateau. Sustained climate action is required.

Temperature

The Met Office annual summary of 2024 temperature map shows Edinburgh and the surrounding area categorised as being in the 0.5 to 1.0 degrees celsius anomaly relating to the 1991 to 2020 period.

According to the Met Office’s Local Climate Action Tool, the projected temperature increase for the City of Edinburgh, based on current policies, by 2070 is 2.83 degrees celsius.

temperature and rainfall projected change by 2070

temperature and rainfall projected change by 2070

https://www.lcat.uk

The temperature change in Eastern Scotland has been visualised in the form of climate stripes (invented by Ed Hawkins, see references - University of Reading) - see below Edinburgh climate stripes chart (CC-BY University of Reading).

Bar chart depicting average temperature in Edinburgh rising from 1850 to 2024

By way of comparison, here are the warming stripes for Scotland, from the same online tool. The bar chart above uses the vertical axis, making the scale of the temperature rises clear.

The chart shows the temperature in Edinburgh for the whole of the year 2024 was 1.0 degrees celsius above the baseline (1961 to 2010), and just two years before had reached an all-time high that was 1.3 degrees above it. Our city is a full degree warmer on the thermometer than just a few decades ago. Such a change inevitably affects our ecosystems profoundly. And the line is only just starting to plateau. Sustained climate action is required.

However, below, the classic, distinctive and memorable dataviz uses only the colour and shading of the bars to depict the temperature change for Scotland as a whole.

Warming strips depicting rising average temperatures in Scotland

Warming stripes, Scotland’s average temperature 1884 to 2024

Rainfall

The Met Office LCAT tool shows that by 2030, under the existing policies, Edinburgh’s average rainfall will be 2.37mm per day - that is a whopping 12.5% higher than the 1980 level of 2.12mm per day.

Bar chart showing rainfall in 1980 at 2.12mm per day, 2030 at 2.37mm per day, 2040 at 2.16, 2050 at 2.03, 2060 at 2.17 and 2070 at 2.12mm per day.

Projected rainfall in Edinburgh, big increase in 2030

Flood risk

While flood risk maps are available to view via the website of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency SEPA , it has not been possible to include a copy here, nor in a video, as they are copyright, and the copyright is owned by Ordnance Survey, and copying is strictly prohibited - see https://flood-map-for-planning.service.gov.uk/os-terms .

SEPA’s Flood Maps show some alarming features:

  • a high level of surface water flooding risk around Waverley train station and many other areas across the city of Edinburgh (‘high likelihood’ defined as a 10% risk in a given year).

  • a high level of river flood risk along the River Almond (‘high’ means 10% likelihood).

  • a high level of coastal flooding risk (ie 10% in a given year) along the entirety of the shoreline of the Firth of Forth, from South Queensferry, through Leith, right along to Musselburgh.

(SEPA Flood Maps)

Increasing rainfall will increase the risk of surface water flooding and river flood risk.

Rising sea levels will increase the risk of coastal flooding.

Further details on how to use SEPA Flood Maps can be found in the Methods section Methods.html.

Travel

Active travel such as cycling helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The scatter plot below shows higher counts in 2024, compared to 2022 and 2023, suggesting there was an increase in the level of cycling in the city.

Cycle counter data provides us with a sample of the bicycle journeys taken. There are a large number of cycle counters across the city, provided by City of Edinburgh Council. The data is available under an open licence from Cycling Open Data’s usmart site.

The chart of the total from all sixty counters in Edinburgh shows the number of bicycles recorded fluctuates with the seasons, peaking each summer and dropping in the winter. The locations are listed on our GitHub repo: https://github.com/data4climateactionedinburgh/abcd_2025/blob/main/open_data/travel/README_COD.md

This data visualisation was coded in R (by Pauline) using the ggplot package - the code is available on our GitHub repo, along with a copy of the downloaded data: https://github.com/data4climateactionedinburgh/abcd_2025/blob/main/code/active_travel.R

Scatter plot showing cycling total for all counters in Edinburgh.

Cycling counter data, peaking in summer and falling in winter. The R code that produced this chart can be found at https://github.com/data4climateactionedinburgh/abcd_2025/blob/main/code/active_travel.R

Climate action

ECCAN

ECCAN is the Edinburgh Communities Climate Action Network. They are gathering data on the work of their member charities and other voluntary organisations. We will add that info as soon as it becomes available.

City of Edinburgh Council

The CEC is a funder and close working partner of ECCAN. The council’s 2023/2024 climate duties report provides the following statement on the approach and governance in place with respect to climate change:

“The City of Edinburgh Council declared a climate emergency in February 2019, set a new target for the city to be net zero by 2030 and declared a nature emergency in 2023. To achieve this net zero target and adapt the city to the impacts of climate change, a 2030 Climate Strategy and Implementation Plan was approved in November 2021. The Strategy contains Council and citywide governance and reporting structures and strategic actions to achieve the 2030 net zero target and adapt the city. A Council Emissions Reduction Plan (CERP) (approved November 2021) outlines a phased action plan for reducing Council corporate emissions emissions. A CERP Board, established in 2022, provides strategic leadership and operational accountability for delivery of the Council’s organisational emissions target of net zero by 2030. It is chaired by the Service Director for Sustainable Development and includes Council’s key service areas for each of the strands of the plan (Buildings, Fleet, Waste, Human Resources and Procurement).”

References

Met Office (2025) “Annual Assessment - 2024” https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/weather/learn-about/uk-past-events/summaries/annual_assessment_2024.pdf

https://www.lcat.uk

Met Office Local Authority Climate Explorer Beta v1.0

https://themetoffice.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/506ff7d53c884badb0d8fd36d6280a91

SEPA Flood Maps: SEPA gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and input that various parties have provided, including inter alia, the following organisations:

Ordnance Survey
Flood maps are based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown Copyright. Any unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. SEPA Licence number AC0000825128 (2025).

The Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Some features of these maps are based upon digital spatial data licensed from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology © NERC (CEH) and third party licensors.

The Met Office Data provided by The Met Office has been used under licence in some areas of flood risk information production. ©Crown Copyright (2019), the Met Office.

The James Hutton Institute Data provided under licence from the James Hutton Institute has been applied in production of flood risk management information. Copyright © The James Hutton Institute and third party licensors.

British Geological Survey Flood risk information has been derived from BGS digital data under licence. British Geological Survey © NERC

Local authorities SEPA acknowledges the provision of flood models and other supporting data and information from local authorities in Scotland and their collaboration in the production of flood risk management information.

Scottish Water SEPA acknowledges the inclusion of surface water flooding data generated by Scottish Water in preparation of flood risk information

https://scottishepa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=3098bbef089c4dd79e5344a0e1e7c91c&showLayers=FloodMapsBasic_2743;FloodMapsBasic_2743_1;FloodMapsBasic_2743_2;FloodMapsBasic_2743_3;FloodMapsBasic_2743_5;FloodMapsBasic_2743_6;FloodMapsBasic_2743_7;FloodMapsBasic_2743_9;FloodMapsBasic_2743_10;FloodMapsBasic_2743_11;FloodMapsBasic_2743_12;FloodMapsBasic_2743_13;FloodMapsBasic_2743;FloodMapsBasic_2743_1;FloodMapsBasic_2743_2;FloodMapsBasic_2743_3;FloodMapsBasic_2743_5;FloodMapsBasic_2743_6;FloodMapsBasic_2743_7;FloodMapsBasic_2743_9;FloodMapsBasic_2743_10;FloodMapsBasic_2743_11;FloodMapsBasic_2743_12;FloodMapsBasic_2743_14

Climate Stripes, University of Reading, Ed Hawkins https://www.reading.ac.uk/planet/climate-resources/climate-stripes

https://showyourstripes.info/s/europe/unitedkingdom/scotland

Cycling Open Data, Cycling Scotland https://usmart.io/org/cyclingscotland/